Cannot Install Windows 2008 R2 Service Pack 1

Description

You are experiencing an error or problem when installing Windows 2008 R2 Service Pack 1. It says "Installation was not successful", error code 0x800f0826.

 

You have followed  the steps in https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2575082.
SYSTEM and Administrators already have Full Permission on usbstor.inf and usbstor.pnf files.
You have also follow http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ID/windows7/troubleshoot-problems-installing-service-pack to download and run the latest System Update Readiness Tool.
Other than those, you have also try to run sfc /scannow command but no error found.

At c:/windows/inf/Setupapi.dev.log you found a couple of errors similar to:
inf:      Opened INF: 'C:\WINDOWS\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\compositebus.inf_amd64_neutral_b9280780a8000d4b\compositebus.inf' ([strings])
sto:      {Update Device: ROOT\COMPOSITEBUS\0000}
sto:           Updating installed driver version:
sto:                Driver Version Last     = 6/21/2006,6.1.7600.16385
sto:                Driver Version New      = 6/21/2006,6.1.7601.17514
!!!  sto:           Failed to update driver date. Error = 0x00000005
sto:      {Update Device: exit(0x00000005)}
sto: {Update Device Drivers: exit(0x00000005)} 12:07:37.106
!!!  sto: Failed to update devices for all driver updates. Error = 0x00000005

  inf:      Opened INF: 'C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\umbus.inf_amd64_neutral_2d4257afa2e35253\umbus.inf' ([strings])
     sto:      {Update Device: ROOT\UMBUS\0000}
     sto:           Updating installed driver version:
     sto:                Driver Version Last     = 6/21/2006,6.1.7600.16385
     sto:                Driver Version New      = 6/21/2006,6.1.7601.17514
!!!  sto:           Failed to update driver date. Error = 0x00000005

Resolution

There's a missing permission on the registry that related to the drivers.

1. Download psexec.exe (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553)
2. Execute the following command from an elevated command prompt – ‘psexec /i /s cmd’
3. When a new command prompt opens execute regedit
4. Navigate to HKLM\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\ENUM\ROOT\COMPOSITEBUS\0000\PROPERTIES\
5. Verify that ‘System’ has ‘full control’ of each subkey. If not force inheritance from the ‘PROPERTIES’ key.
6. Test the install of SP1.